محمد علي محمد القضاة
30-10-2003, 11:33 PM
Daylight credit(تسهيلات لليلة واحدة) (or daylight overdraft, daylight exposure, intraday credit :
Credit extended for a period or less than one business day; in a credit transfer system with end-of-day final settlement , daylight credit is tacitly extended by a receiving participant which accepts and acts on a payment order , even though it will not receive final funds until the end of the business day .
Dean(عميد الكلية) :
Director of highest authority within a certain professional school or college of a university .
Debit balance (رصيد الدين) :
See net debit position .
Debt aggregate (الدين الكلي) :
Term used informally for domestic nonfinancial sector debt, which is an aggregate measure through which the Federal Reserve monitors debt in the economy; includes outstanding credit market debt of federal, state , and local governments and of private nonfinancial sectors (including mortgages and other kinds of consumer credit and bank loans, corporate bonds, commercial paper, bankers acceptances, and other debt instruments).
Default(التعثر) :
Failure to complete a funds or securities transfer according to its terms for reasons that are not technical or temporary , usually as a result of bankruptcy. Default is usually distinguished from a {failed transaction} .
Definitive securities (الأوراق المالية المحددة) :
Securities that are recorder on engraved paper certificates payable to the bearers or to specific, registered owners.(Compare book-entry securities) .
Degree (درجة علمية):
Diploma or title conferred by a college, university or professional school upon completion of a prescribed program of studies .
Delivery(تسليم) :
Final transfer of a security or financial instrument .
Delivery versus payment(التسليم مقابل الدفع) :
A link between a securities transfer system and a funds transfer system that ensures that delivery occurs if , and only if , payment occur .
Demand deposit (وديعة غب الطلب،أو تحت الطلب):
A deposit that may be withdrawn at any time without prior written notice to the depository institution. A checking accounts is the most common form of demand deposit .
Dematerialisation (أوراق مالية دفترية) :
The elimination of physical certificates or ********s of title which represent ownership of securities so that securities exist only as accounting records .
Department(دائرة) :
Administrative subdivision of a school, college or university through which instruction in a certain field of study is imparted (such as an English department, history department) .
Deposit(وديعة) :
Means a sum of money paid on terms: That it is to be repaid, with or without interest or premium of any kind, and either on demand or at a time or in circumstances agreed by or on behalf of the person making the payment and the person receiving it; and That is not referable to the provision of property or services or the giving of security; Whether or not evidenced by any entry in a record of the person receiving the sum, or by any receipt, certificate, note or other ******** .
Deposit insurance(ضمان الودائع، آو تامين الودائع) :
Strictly speaking deposit insurance provides a measure of compensation for depositors following the failure of a bank. However in some countries ,notably the USA, the insurance fund may be used instead to keep the bank alive, and thereby avoid its failure. In the USA, this may be done on condition that it is cheaper than allowing the bank to fail and compensating insured depositors; this can happen often, as the US scheme offers 100 per cent insurance of a high figure (US$100,000) . Essentially, deposit insurance schemes have a social purpose and therefore usually operate on a territorial basis, that is compensation is not available to depositors with foreign offices of a domestic bank, but is available to those with domestic offices of a foreign bank. Insurance is also usually limited to deposits denominated in the domestic currency .
Deposit Protection Fund (صندوق حماية الودائع) (UK) :
The Deposit Protection Fund is a statutory scheme administered by the Deposit Protection Board which is based at the Bank. The fund is financed by a levy on all authorized banks in the UK; Once a winding up or administration order is made, qualifying sterling depositors with the authorized bank will be eligible for a payment of 75% of their deposits up to a maximum of &20.000 - i.e., the maximum payment per depositor is & 15.000;There are a number of exclusions from the scheme and the following categories of deposits are not covered, deposit by persons or institutions connected with the management of ownership of, deposits by other UK banks, Secured deposits or deposits with an initial term or more than 5 years, deposits securing overdrafts or loans and deposits payable in any currency other than sterling; Sterling depositors should be aware that the Deposit Protection Board acquires subrogated rights in the liquidation in respect of any compensation paid; The Deposit Protection Board will start sending out claim forms as soon as the winding up order is made .
Deposit Protection Scheme Index (UK Banking Act 1987) (فهرس قانون ضمان الودائع):
-The Board and the Fund (50-51)
1 - The Deposit Protection Board.
2 - The Deposit Protection Fund.
-Contributions to the Fund (52 - 57)
3 - Contributory institutions and general provisions to contributions
4 - Initial contributions
5 - Further contributions
6 - Special contributions
7 - Maxi & Mini contributions
8 - Deposit base of transferee institutions
-Payments out of the Fund (58 - 62)
9 - Compensation payments to depositors
10- Meaning of insolvency
11- Protected deposits
12- Trustee deposits joint deposits etc.
13- Liability of institution in respect of compensation payments.
-Repayment in respect of contributions (63) .
-Supplementary provisions (64 - 66)
15- Borrowing powers
16- Power to obtain information
17- Tax treatment of contributions and repayments.
Depository receipt (إيصال إيداع):
An instrument issued in one country that establishes an entitlement to a security held in custody in another country .
Depository institution (مؤسسة تقبل الودائع) :
Financial institution that obtains its funds mainly through deposits from the public; includes commercial banks, savings and loan associations, savings banks, and credit unions. (sometimes called a depository intermediary) .
Devaluation (تخفيض قيمة العملة) :
The process of officially reducing the value of a country’s currency relative to other currencies .
Director(مدير) :
Any administrator or member of the board of directors (including executive, advisory and honorary directors) ,or member of any other collegiate commission or committee directly responsible to the General Meeting of Shareholders, a trustee of a business organization, or any person who has a representative or nominee serving in such capacities .
Disclosure (الإفصاح، آو الكشف أو الانكشاف):
Providing meaningful summary information, both qualitative and quantitative, about the firms trading and activities. Disclosures should provide a picture of the scope and nature of an institution’s trade and activities, as well as information on the major risks associated with these activities, including credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk. Institutions should also disclose information the actual performance in managing these risks, particularly with regard to exposure to market risk. In addition, disclosures should provide meaningful summary information on how trading and activities contribute to an institution’s earnings profile . Disclosures should focus on material risk exposures and the amount of information should stand in relation to the importance of the activity in the institution’s overall business, risk profile and earnings. Furthermore, disclosure of information that is consistent with the common minimum framework could improve the consistency and comparability of basic annual report disclosure.
Disclosure areas and the nature of information to be disclosed (مجال الإفصاح و طبيعة المعلومات المفصح عنها):
(1) Financial product supplier information :This information essential for an investor in order to know with whom he is entering into a contract and what the nature of the contract is , and includes: the name , address and telephone number of the financial product supplier ; the logo , contact person and directors of the financial product supplier ; the type of registration of the financial product supplier ; the type of financial product that is offered , in order to determine whether the financial product supplier is required to be registered under current law , and whether the financial product supplier is indeed so registered .
(2) Financial product information: The information must be presented in such a manner that comparison is possible between various products , without presenting excessive information or incurring inordinately high costs . The following will have to be disclosed in this regard : the name and the primary or dominant feature of the financial product; the benefits offered by the financiaproduct supplier in terms of the contract, and when these benefits will occur to the investor ; how the product is structured , in particular what the underlying investment assets are and how the product relates to such assets ; the investor’s commitments in terms of payment , amount , frequency and mode , as well as any other obligation of the investor ; a clear indication of who carries the investment risk associated with the product namely the financial product supplier or the investor , and whether other risks may pertain to the product {such as currency risk } ; guarantees offered by the financial product suppliers ; special additional loading, exclusions , benefits or terms and conditions ; the liquidity and negotiability of the product ;Taxation and how it applies to the product; and the method of making inquiries or loading complaints and the possible fees that may be incurred when the investor approaches the financial product supplier .
(3) Information concerning fees , costs and investment returns: The information that has to be appropriately disclosed in this contact is ;
the consequences if the investor fails to meet his commitments , and the investment contract terminates automatically ; the right of the investor , if any , to make the contract “ paid - up “ or to induce an early termination; what the effect of costs will be on the early termination or “ paid - up “ value of the contract ; what the expected values of the contract will be after the expire of certain stated intervals , based on certain assumptions about future events , ( such as rates of return , taxation and cost levels) in this regard the concept of “ amount of money working for the investor “ is relevant ; what the expected end value will be , or if it is not possible to provide such information why it is not possible to do so . The above - mentioned disclosure requirements should not be considered to be exhaustive list of the matters to be disclosed . Disclosure should remain an issue driven by underlying principles and therefore flexible enough to adjust to changing circumstances .
Disclosure principles (مبادئ الانكشاف):
Disclosure must at all times be directed an enabling the investor to make an informed decision about the investment . This requirement includes aspects such as the nature of the investment contract , the parties there to, the risks involved , the expected nominal ( and, if possible, real) returns, and the term of the contract and its liquidity and negotiability ;Disclosure must satisfy the information needs of a {reasonable} investor , in respect of any product offered for investment , so as to strike a balance between too little and too much information . Information must be relevant , meaningful and understandable to the investor in order to enable him to make an informed investment decision .
Disclosure requirements (متطلبات الانكشاف) :
Disclosure requirements constitute a major regulatory instrument for the achievement of investor protection ; Disclosure requirement must be enforceable in practice and have to be devised in such a way that a {level playing field} is maintained among financial product suppliers and also among investment service providers .
Discount on forward rate (الخصم على السعر الآجل) :
The situation when the spot rate is less than the forward rate .
Discounting (حسم، خصم) :
Practice of deducting the interest on a loan from the principal amount before giving the borrowed funds to the borrower; the borrower receives the principal amount less the interest due over the term of the loan but repays the principal amount .
Discount rate(سعر إعادة الخصم):
Interest rate at which an eligible depository institution may borrow funds, typically for a short period, directly from the Central Bank .
Dissertation (أطروحة) :
Thesis written on an original topic of research, usually presented as one of the final requirements for the doctorate .
Doctorate (Ph.D.) (دكتوراه) :
The highest academic degree conferred by a university on students who have completed at least three years of graduate study beyond the bachelor’s and/or master’s degree and who have demonstrated their academic ability in oral and written examinations and through original research presented in the form of a dissertation .
********s shall be attached to the application for issuance of a bank license (مرفقات طلب ترخيص بنك)((Law , Sofia, April 1992) :
1-The articles of association, and other organizational ********s,
2-Information on the paid-in (transferred) capital.
3-The business plan of the bank.
4-The names and addresses of the persons who will manage and represents the bank, and information concerning their qualifications and professional experience in banking.
5-Information concerning persons who will hold or have recorded shares which carry over , (1) percent of the votes at the shareholders\' general meeting .
6-Other information as may be required by the Central Bank.
********s shall be attached to the application for issuance of a bank license (مرفقات طلب ترخيص بنك) (Proposal of banking law, Jordan, 1997 :
1-The qualifications and experience of the administrators of the proposed bank, including business or professional history for the past ten years;
2- the amount of the proposed paid-in capital stock of the proposed bank and the amount that may have previously been paid in or subscribed to;
3-A business plan for the proposed bank, setting out, inter alia, the organizational structure, the types of the financial activities envisaged, and projected financial statements and assumptions on which they are based for the first three years;
4-The name, residence, and business or professional history for the past ten years of each person who proposes to own the equivalent of 10 percent or more of any class of voting stock of the proposed bank, and the amount proposed, the proposed ownership interest of affiliated persons shall be aggregated to determine the amount of the proposed ownership interest .
5-Such additional basic information as shall be prescribed by regulation of the Central Bank.
Credit extended for a period or less than one business day; in a credit transfer system with end-of-day final settlement , daylight credit is tacitly extended by a receiving participant which accepts and acts on a payment order , even though it will not receive final funds until the end of the business day .
Dean(عميد الكلية) :
Director of highest authority within a certain professional school or college of a university .
Debit balance (رصيد الدين) :
See net debit position .
Debt aggregate (الدين الكلي) :
Term used informally for domestic nonfinancial sector debt, which is an aggregate measure through which the Federal Reserve monitors debt in the economy; includes outstanding credit market debt of federal, state , and local governments and of private nonfinancial sectors (including mortgages and other kinds of consumer credit and bank loans, corporate bonds, commercial paper, bankers acceptances, and other debt instruments).
Default(التعثر) :
Failure to complete a funds or securities transfer according to its terms for reasons that are not technical or temporary , usually as a result of bankruptcy. Default is usually distinguished from a {failed transaction} .
Definitive securities (الأوراق المالية المحددة) :
Securities that are recorder on engraved paper certificates payable to the bearers or to specific, registered owners.(Compare book-entry securities) .
Degree (درجة علمية):
Diploma or title conferred by a college, university or professional school upon completion of a prescribed program of studies .
Delivery(تسليم) :
Final transfer of a security or financial instrument .
Delivery versus payment(التسليم مقابل الدفع) :
A link between a securities transfer system and a funds transfer system that ensures that delivery occurs if , and only if , payment occur .
Demand deposit (وديعة غب الطلب،أو تحت الطلب):
A deposit that may be withdrawn at any time without prior written notice to the depository institution. A checking accounts is the most common form of demand deposit .
Dematerialisation (أوراق مالية دفترية) :
The elimination of physical certificates or ********s of title which represent ownership of securities so that securities exist only as accounting records .
Department(دائرة) :
Administrative subdivision of a school, college or university through which instruction in a certain field of study is imparted (such as an English department, history department) .
Deposit(وديعة) :
Means a sum of money paid on terms: That it is to be repaid, with or without interest or premium of any kind, and either on demand or at a time or in circumstances agreed by or on behalf of the person making the payment and the person receiving it; and That is not referable to the provision of property or services or the giving of security; Whether or not evidenced by any entry in a record of the person receiving the sum, or by any receipt, certificate, note or other ******** .
Deposit insurance(ضمان الودائع، آو تامين الودائع) :
Strictly speaking deposit insurance provides a measure of compensation for depositors following the failure of a bank. However in some countries ,notably the USA, the insurance fund may be used instead to keep the bank alive, and thereby avoid its failure. In the USA, this may be done on condition that it is cheaper than allowing the bank to fail and compensating insured depositors; this can happen often, as the US scheme offers 100 per cent insurance of a high figure (US$100,000) . Essentially, deposit insurance schemes have a social purpose and therefore usually operate on a territorial basis, that is compensation is not available to depositors with foreign offices of a domestic bank, but is available to those with domestic offices of a foreign bank. Insurance is also usually limited to deposits denominated in the domestic currency .
Deposit Protection Fund (صندوق حماية الودائع) (UK) :
The Deposit Protection Fund is a statutory scheme administered by the Deposit Protection Board which is based at the Bank. The fund is financed by a levy on all authorized banks in the UK; Once a winding up or administration order is made, qualifying sterling depositors with the authorized bank will be eligible for a payment of 75% of their deposits up to a maximum of &20.000 - i.e., the maximum payment per depositor is & 15.000;There are a number of exclusions from the scheme and the following categories of deposits are not covered, deposit by persons or institutions connected with the management of ownership of, deposits by other UK banks, Secured deposits or deposits with an initial term or more than 5 years, deposits securing overdrafts or loans and deposits payable in any currency other than sterling; Sterling depositors should be aware that the Deposit Protection Board acquires subrogated rights in the liquidation in respect of any compensation paid; The Deposit Protection Board will start sending out claim forms as soon as the winding up order is made .
Deposit Protection Scheme Index (UK Banking Act 1987) (فهرس قانون ضمان الودائع):
-The Board and the Fund (50-51)
1 - The Deposit Protection Board.
2 - The Deposit Protection Fund.
-Contributions to the Fund (52 - 57)
3 - Contributory institutions and general provisions to contributions
4 - Initial contributions
5 - Further contributions
6 - Special contributions
7 - Maxi & Mini contributions
8 - Deposit base of transferee institutions
-Payments out of the Fund (58 - 62)
9 - Compensation payments to depositors
10- Meaning of insolvency
11- Protected deposits
12- Trustee deposits joint deposits etc.
13- Liability of institution in respect of compensation payments.
-Repayment in respect of contributions (63) .
-Supplementary provisions (64 - 66)
15- Borrowing powers
16- Power to obtain information
17- Tax treatment of contributions and repayments.
Depository receipt (إيصال إيداع):
An instrument issued in one country that establishes an entitlement to a security held in custody in another country .
Depository institution (مؤسسة تقبل الودائع) :
Financial institution that obtains its funds mainly through deposits from the public; includes commercial banks, savings and loan associations, savings banks, and credit unions. (sometimes called a depository intermediary) .
Devaluation (تخفيض قيمة العملة) :
The process of officially reducing the value of a country’s currency relative to other currencies .
Director(مدير) :
Any administrator or member of the board of directors (including executive, advisory and honorary directors) ,or member of any other collegiate commission or committee directly responsible to the General Meeting of Shareholders, a trustee of a business organization, or any person who has a representative or nominee serving in such capacities .
Disclosure (الإفصاح، آو الكشف أو الانكشاف):
Providing meaningful summary information, both qualitative and quantitative, about the firms trading and activities. Disclosures should provide a picture of the scope and nature of an institution’s trade and activities, as well as information on the major risks associated with these activities, including credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk. Institutions should also disclose information the actual performance in managing these risks, particularly with regard to exposure to market risk. In addition, disclosures should provide meaningful summary information on how trading and activities contribute to an institution’s earnings profile . Disclosures should focus on material risk exposures and the amount of information should stand in relation to the importance of the activity in the institution’s overall business, risk profile and earnings. Furthermore, disclosure of information that is consistent with the common minimum framework could improve the consistency and comparability of basic annual report disclosure.
Disclosure areas and the nature of information to be disclosed (مجال الإفصاح و طبيعة المعلومات المفصح عنها):
(1) Financial product supplier information :This information essential for an investor in order to know with whom he is entering into a contract and what the nature of the contract is , and includes: the name , address and telephone number of the financial product supplier ; the logo , contact person and directors of the financial product supplier ; the type of registration of the financial product supplier ; the type of financial product that is offered , in order to determine whether the financial product supplier is required to be registered under current law , and whether the financial product supplier is indeed so registered .
(2) Financial product information: The information must be presented in such a manner that comparison is possible between various products , without presenting excessive information or incurring inordinately high costs . The following will have to be disclosed in this regard : the name and the primary or dominant feature of the financial product; the benefits offered by the financiaproduct supplier in terms of the contract, and when these benefits will occur to the investor ; how the product is structured , in particular what the underlying investment assets are and how the product relates to such assets ; the investor’s commitments in terms of payment , amount , frequency and mode , as well as any other obligation of the investor ; a clear indication of who carries the investment risk associated with the product namely the financial product supplier or the investor , and whether other risks may pertain to the product {such as currency risk } ; guarantees offered by the financial product suppliers ; special additional loading, exclusions , benefits or terms and conditions ; the liquidity and negotiability of the product ;Taxation and how it applies to the product; and the method of making inquiries or loading complaints and the possible fees that may be incurred when the investor approaches the financial product supplier .
(3) Information concerning fees , costs and investment returns: The information that has to be appropriately disclosed in this contact is ;
the consequences if the investor fails to meet his commitments , and the investment contract terminates automatically ; the right of the investor , if any , to make the contract “ paid - up “ or to induce an early termination; what the effect of costs will be on the early termination or “ paid - up “ value of the contract ; what the expected values of the contract will be after the expire of certain stated intervals , based on certain assumptions about future events , ( such as rates of return , taxation and cost levels) in this regard the concept of “ amount of money working for the investor “ is relevant ; what the expected end value will be , or if it is not possible to provide such information why it is not possible to do so . The above - mentioned disclosure requirements should not be considered to be exhaustive list of the matters to be disclosed . Disclosure should remain an issue driven by underlying principles and therefore flexible enough to adjust to changing circumstances .
Disclosure principles (مبادئ الانكشاف):
Disclosure must at all times be directed an enabling the investor to make an informed decision about the investment . This requirement includes aspects such as the nature of the investment contract , the parties there to, the risks involved , the expected nominal ( and, if possible, real) returns, and the term of the contract and its liquidity and negotiability ;Disclosure must satisfy the information needs of a {reasonable} investor , in respect of any product offered for investment , so as to strike a balance between too little and too much information . Information must be relevant , meaningful and understandable to the investor in order to enable him to make an informed investment decision .
Disclosure requirements (متطلبات الانكشاف) :
Disclosure requirements constitute a major regulatory instrument for the achievement of investor protection ; Disclosure requirement must be enforceable in practice and have to be devised in such a way that a {level playing field} is maintained among financial product suppliers and also among investment service providers .
Discount on forward rate (الخصم على السعر الآجل) :
The situation when the spot rate is less than the forward rate .
Discounting (حسم، خصم) :
Practice of deducting the interest on a loan from the principal amount before giving the borrowed funds to the borrower; the borrower receives the principal amount less the interest due over the term of the loan but repays the principal amount .
Discount rate(سعر إعادة الخصم):
Interest rate at which an eligible depository institution may borrow funds, typically for a short period, directly from the Central Bank .
Dissertation (أطروحة) :
Thesis written on an original topic of research, usually presented as one of the final requirements for the doctorate .
Doctorate (Ph.D.) (دكتوراه) :
The highest academic degree conferred by a university on students who have completed at least three years of graduate study beyond the bachelor’s and/or master’s degree and who have demonstrated their academic ability in oral and written examinations and through original research presented in the form of a dissertation .
********s shall be attached to the application for issuance of a bank license (مرفقات طلب ترخيص بنك)((Law , Sofia, April 1992) :
1-The articles of association, and other organizational ********s,
2-Information on the paid-in (transferred) capital.
3-The business plan of the bank.
4-The names and addresses of the persons who will manage and represents the bank, and information concerning their qualifications and professional experience in banking.
5-Information concerning persons who will hold or have recorded shares which carry over , (1) percent of the votes at the shareholders\' general meeting .
6-Other information as may be required by the Central Bank.
********s shall be attached to the application for issuance of a bank license (مرفقات طلب ترخيص بنك) (Proposal of banking law, Jordan, 1997 :
1-The qualifications and experience of the administrators of the proposed bank, including business or professional history for the past ten years;
2- the amount of the proposed paid-in capital stock of the proposed bank and the amount that may have previously been paid in or subscribed to;
3-A business plan for the proposed bank, setting out, inter alia, the organizational structure, the types of the financial activities envisaged, and projected financial statements and assumptions on which they are based for the first three years;
4-The name, residence, and business or professional history for the past ten years of each person who proposes to own the equivalent of 10 percent or more of any class of voting stock of the proposed bank, and the amount proposed, the proposed ownership interest of affiliated persons shall be aggregated to determine the amount of the proposed ownership interest .
5-Such additional basic information as shall be prescribed by regulation of the Central Bank.